Can we call workflow from an activity?

Is it possible to call a workflow from an activity? We have a workflow which have lot of activities. There are some set of activities, which needs to be executed synchronously, the remaining activities can be executed asynchronously. We are planning to move the activities which needs to be executed synchronously to a new workflow and call that workflow from an activity.

You can start a workflow from an activity using WorkflowClient. The more common approach is to start an ABANDONED child directly from the workflow. See Best way to create an async child workflow - #2 by maxim

Is there a .NET equivalent to WorkflowClient?

There is a full .NET SDK that supports everything all other SDKs do. You can use a Temporal client like any other client inside an activity. Here is a sample that demonstrates a DB client used from an activity, but that can just as easily be a Temporal client.